ABM Test Note: A special imitation note created for testing automatic banking machines (ABMs).
Allied Military Currency (AMC): Money issued by Allied military authorities (USA, UK, Russia, and France) during and after World War II in countries like Austria, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, and Japan.
Back: The reverse side of a banknote.
Block Number: A number for a batch or sequence of notes.
Cancellation: Marks on withdrawn notes, done through methods like punch holes, perforation, cutting, overprinting, stamping, or writing.
College Currency: Imitation notes used for educational training purposes by schools and colleges.
Commemorative Issue: A banknote released to commemorate an event or person.
Counterfoil: A connected stub paper on a note, retained by issuers for record-keeping.
Counterfeit (Forgery): An illegal imitation of a genuine note.
Date: Usually, the issuance date of the note or the date of official currency authorization.
Dating: Conversion of various dating systems to the Christian calendar (AD) for common reference. For example:
• Christian calendar (AD): AD
• Mohammed calendar (AH): AH +579
• Solar calendar (SH): SH +621
• Monarchic Solar calendar (MS): MS -559
• Diorama Samvat calendar (VS): VS -57
• Saka calendar (SE): SE +78
• Buddhist calendar (BE): BE -543
• Bangkok calendar (RS): RS +1781
• Chula-Sakarat calendar (CS): CS +638
• Ethiopian calendar (EE): EE +8
• Jewish calendar (JS): JS -3760
• Korean calendar (KS): KS -2333
Demonetized Notes: Paper money officially withdrawn from circulation and no longer redeemable.
Emergency Notes: Local or private notes issued during emergencies, such as shortages of coins, banknotes, inflation, war, or political instability.
Engraved Printing (Intaglio): A printing method that uses engraved plates for three-dimensional characters.
Errors: Common errors on paper money include design, printing, numbering, and cutting errors.
Face: The front side of a banknote, usually with signatures and numbers.
Fantasy Notes: Completely invented or concocted notes.
Foxing: Yellow-brown aging stains on paper.
Guilloche: A geometric design printed as a security feature.
Haj Pilgrim Notes: Banknotes issued exclusively for pilgrims in another country.
Hansatsu: Japanese Government, local, or private paper money issued approximately from 1660 to 1875.
Hell Money: Fantasy notes used by Chinese for burial purposes.
Japanese Invasion Money (JIM): Paper money issued during World War II by Japan for occupied countries.
Lithography (Offset): A surface printing method using thin, flat layers of ink.
Local Notes: Notes issued by local authorities.
Military Payment Certificates (MPC): US military notes issued for overseas US military personnel from 1946-1973.
Notgeld: German emergency money.
Notaphily: The study and collection of paper money and similar substitutes made from paper, plastic, cloth, wood, leather, etc.
Catalog Number: Reference numbers used in various cataloging systems.
Pin Holes: Tiny holes from pins or staples, often from old accounting processes.
Prisoner of War (POW) Notes: Notes issued for use in POW camps.
Private Notes: Notes issued by private organizations, companies, or individuals.
Promotional Note: A special print issued by printers, organizations, or private individuals as a souvenir, advertisement, or promotion.
Proof: Whole or partial designs of notes printed for checking details.
Propaganda Notes: Facsimile notes printed with propaganda messages, often during wartime.
Remainders: Original notes leftover from the printing process, usually without signatures, numbers, or dates.
Replacement Notes: Notes printed to replace damaged ones during the printing process.
Reprint: Notes printed from original plates, often years later.
Russian Occupation Notes: Russian-issued currency for occupied countries during and after World War II.
Scripophily: The study and collection of stock certificates, bonds, and fiscal documents.
Short Snorter: Banknotes signed by soldiers, often taped together, especially during World War II.
Siege Notes: Emergency money issued during a city’s siege.
Specimens: Samples of banknotes distributed to banks for familiarization, often with overprints or special numbers.
Stamp Currency: Semi-stamps, revenue, or post stamps used as emergency money.
Unfinished Note: A note partially printed.
Validation: Adding handstamps, adhesive stamps, or perforations to a note for new validation.
Watermark: A pattern in the paper created during manufacturing.
